Pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes inflamed.It plays an important role in the digestive system - it regulates energy metabolism, synthesizes digestive juices and is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates.
The enzymes first enter the stomach and then the duodenum, where they begin to be activated.If the pancreas is inflamed, the enzymes begin to “work” at an early stage – that is, even before secretion.Damage appears - the gland begins to digest itself, which causes the death of some pancreatic cells.
The causes of pancreatitis can be:
- infectious diseases not related to the digestive system - for example, seasonal acute respiratory viral infections;
- gastrointestinal tract diseases;
- poor nutrition;
- stress;
- alcohol abuse.
Pancreatitis can develop in different ways - acute, reactive and chronic.In acute cases, the pancreas may become inflamed completely or in parts;reactive develops against the background of diseases of the digestive system - peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gallbladder or liver.
The chronic form can be in remission for a long time, and most of the time the disease progresses slowly.In most cases, inflammation recurs when the diet is stopped.
The nature of nutrition in pancreatitis of the pancreas plays an important role - it is impossible to prevent an exacerbation without adhering to a special diet.What types of diets are these and what principles are used to create a menu for pancreatitis?
Nutrition principles for pancreas inflammation
The main principle of creating a diet that normalizes the functioning of the pancreas is to minimize the load on the digestive organ.
During an exacerbation, doctors give the following recommendations to adults: “hunger, cold and rest”.If the patient is in a hospital and pancreatitis is in the acute stage, he is advised to refuse food for 2-3 days, and useful substances - salts and liquids - enter the body drip.If you fast at home, it will be impossible to fully ensure normal water and electrolyte balance.You need and can drink it, but only in small portions.
Even adults need to replenish their nutrient reserves.Specially designed diets come to the rescue.The most “tested” of them is table no. 5.
The principles of this diet:
- create the most gentle conditions for the stomach and intestines - through mechanical and chemical unloading;
- eliminate pancreatic dysfunction;
- prevent negative changes in liver tissue - fatty infiltration;
- reduce the excitability of the gallbladder.
The diet must be followed not only during the treatment of the disease, but also for another year after remission.
The main properties of the diet in the treatment of pancreatitis:
- In the daily menu, you should limit the amount of products containing substances with an extractive effect - stimulating the production of pancreatic enzymes:
- refractory fats;
- purines;
- essential oils;
- cholesterol;
- coarse fiber;
- glucose.
- The nature of the diet - foods with a high protein content, reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats.
- Cooking technology - boiling, steaming, baking in foil, stewing.
- Meals are fractional - up to 6 times a day, in small portions.It is necessary to get up from the table with a slight feeling of malnutrition, so as not to overload the pancreas.
- For the first time after an exacerbation, you can only eat pureed food.
- You will have to temporarily abandon seasonings, including salt;
- You cannot eat hot or cold food;dishes should be heated to approximately body temperature – 36°C.
The drinking regime is limited.You can drink as much as you want only when the urge to vomit has completely subsided.
There is no need to be afraid of dietary restrictions in the first days after an attack - fasting during treatment only brings benefits.
Diet menu for pancreatitis
When drawing up a menu for several days during an exacerbation of pancreatitis, it is necessary to immediately take into account its features - the products need to be ground.For example, if there is meat - then soufflé or meatballs, potatoes - mashed potatoes and so on...
The menu consists of the following products - an approximate list of them:
- baby food - you can use either what is packaged in jars or in powder form, which is then diluted in liquid;
- mashed potatoes, cauliflower or white cabbage;
- cottage cheese puree.
The proportions of nutrients in the daily menu - fats - 50-70 g, proteins - 130-150 g, carbohydrates - 300-320 g.
Approximately 2 to 4 days after the exacerbation, nausea disappears and it is necessary to restore the amount of fluid in the body.It is necessary to drink about 1.5 liters of water per day, in small sips, a glass every 6 hours.Heavier dishes are introduced into the diet gradually, after eliminating the pain, one item for each meal.
From this point onwards - approximately day 4 - the menu includes the following dishes and products:
- kefir – only low-fat;
- chicken breast broths;
- egg white omelet;
- non-acidic berry juices, diluted by half with water;
- rosehip decoction;
- up to approximately 30 g of honey per day;
- dry wholemeal bread;
- sugar-free cookies or cookies;
- boiled pasta - you cannot use pasta or bunches, preference should be given to small pasta;
- the porridge is rubbed through a sieve;for pancreatitis, you can cook it with buckwheat or oatmeal (some nutritionists allow eating semolina, but it must be cooked completely so that it does not swell in the stomach).
You can eat the following foods:
- lean meat - chicken breast, beef, rabbit;
- fish – cooked, you can only use meat;fish soup and other soups made with fish broth cannot be consumed;
- fruits – roasted or blanched;
- meat broth - secondary;
- vegetable puree - broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin.
The nature of nutrition during pancreatitis depends on the general condition of the patient.
How does nutritional pattern change in pancreatitis?
An approximate diet menu in the first days after an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis is approximately as follows:
1 day:
- breakfast – half a portion of viscous oat soup and half a glass of still mineral water;
- snack – baked apple without peel and without sugar;
- lunch - mashed potatoes - also half a portion - with milk, without seasonings;
- afternoon snack - jam and breadcrumbs;
- dinner - buckwheat porridge with weak tea, whitened milk;
- going to bed - a little milk diluted with water.
Day 2:
- breakfast – steamed protein omelet, chamomile decoction;
- snack – roasted pear;
- lunch – pearl barley soup, ground, in water, biscuits with jam;
- afternoon snack – milk souffle;
- dinner - semolina porridge, dried fruit puree, weak tea;
- going to bed - half a glass of rosehip decoction.
Next, you can loosen the diet a little - if the condition returns to normal:
- breakfast – oatmeal with dried fruits, preferably with raisins, rosehip broth;
- snack – raw banana;
- lunch – steamed fish with carrot puree, dried fruit compote;
- afternoon snack - cottage cheese seasoned with honey;
- dinner - milk rice porridge with weak tea;
- going to bed - half a glass of diluted milk.
The diet for chronic pancreatitis, when the condition returns to normal, may look like this - an approximate version of the daily menu:
- breakfast - vegetable puree, soufflé from a piece of meat, juice diluted with water, weak tea;
- snack - a protein omelet, a steamed chicken breast cutlet, a piece of dry bread, kefir;
- lunch - small noodles in chicken breast broth, boiled vegetables with a piece of steamed fish, bread, dried fruit compote;
- afternoon snack - cookies with berry jam, maybe a little honey;
- dinner - steamed meatballs, rice porridge (or mashed potatoes), boiled vegetables, tea.
If you want to eat before bed, you can eat a cookie, sweet fruit or drink a glass of kefir.
A well-designed menu for the treatment of pancreatitis will help to quickly remit the disease.The diet should be followed for one year after the last exacerbation.